Ngaphakathi komklamo wesimanje wezakhiwo, izindonga zamakhethini zamatshe seziphenduke inketho evamile kumafacade ezakhiwo zezentengiselwano ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izindawo zamasiko, nezakhiwo eziyingqophamlando, ngenxa yokuthungwa kwazo kwemvelo, ukuqina, kanye nezinzuzo ezingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo. Le fa engathwali mthwalocisistimu ye-ade, enetshe lemvelo njengesisekelo sayo, ayigcini nje ngokugcwalisa izakhiwo ezinobuciko obuhlukile kodwa futhi izuza ukuqinisekiswa okukabili kokukhanga kobuhle nokuphepha kwesakhiwo ngokusebenzisa izinhlaka zangaphakathi eziklanywe ngokwesayensi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa facubuchwepheshe be-ade buqonde ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukusimama kwemvelo, nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Isingeniso kuIzindonga Zekhethini Lamatshe
Ukukhanga okuyinhloko kwezindonga zamakhethini zamatshe kubangelwa izici eziyingqayizivele zamatshe emvelo. Amaphaneli asebenzisa kakhulu izinto ezifana negwalagwala nemabula, kanti igwadle kuyiyona nto ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokumuncwa kwayo okuphansi kwamanzi, ukumelana nesithwathwa okuqinile, nokubekezelela ukugqwala kwe-asidi-alkali. Imabula, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikeza ukwakheka nemibala ecebile, ebhekelela izidingo eziqondene nawe zezindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamasiko nezentengiso. Ngezinqubo zokuphothula ezifana nokupholishwa, ukuvutha, noma ukusando esihlahleni, amaphaneli amatshe angakwazi ukuthola imiphumela ehlukahlukene kusukela ekucwebezeleni okucolisisiwe kuya ekuthunjweni okumangelengele, agcwalise izifiso zedizayini zezitayela ezahlukene zezakhiwo. Noma ngabe ezakhiweni zamahhovisi ezincane zesimanje noma izindawo zamasiko ze-neo-traditional, izindonga zamakhethini zamatshe zingakha ukuhlonza okuhlukile kwezakhiwo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuhlanganisa imibala.
Isakhiwo seIzindonga Zekhethini Lamatshe
Ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwezindonga zamakhethini zamatshe kuncike ekusebenzisaneni kwezinhlaka ezine eziwumongo: 'i-panel-supporting structure-connectors-auxiliary systems'. Isendlalelo ngasinye sifeza imisebenzi ebalulekile, ngokuhlangene sakha uhlelo oluthembekile olumelana nokucindezela komoya, ukungena kwamanzi, namandla okuzamazama komhlaba.
1. Isendlalelo sephaneli: “Ubuso” besakhiwo kanye “nomugqa wokuqala wokuvikela”
Njengesethulo sangaphandle sodonga lwamakhethini, amapaneli amatshe kufanele anelise kokubili izidingo zokuhlobisa nesakhiwo. Ugqinsi lwamaphaneli asezingeni lemboni asuka ku-25-30mm, namaphaneli aqedwe ilangabi adinga u-3mm owengeziwe ngenxa yezidingo zokwelashwa kwendawo. Izindawo zamaphaneli ngazinye ngokuvamile zikhawulelwe ngaphansi kuka-1.5m² ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlanekezela kokufaka noma ukusabalaliswa kokucindezeleka okungalingani kusuka kubukhulu obukhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina, uhlangothi olungemuva lwamaphaneli kufanele lumbozwe nge-silane-based noma i-fluorocarbon protective agents. Lokhu kuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi emvula ngezimbotshana zamatshe kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuqhakaza nokuhlukahluka kombala—imininingwane enweba impilo yesevisi yodonga lwamakhethini amatshe ibe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20.
2. Isakhiwo Sokusekela: 'I-Skeletal Framework' kanye 'Ne-Load-Bearing Core'
Isakhiwo esisekelayo sisebenza 'njengohlaka lwamathambo' odonga lwamakhethini lwamatshe, oluhlanganisa amafreyimu ayinhloko aqondile kanye namafreyimu esibili avundlile athwala isisindo samaphaneli nemithwalo yangaphandle. Ozimele abaqondile abaqondile ngokuvamile basebenzisa insimbi yesiteshi, ama-I-beam, noma amaphrofayela e-aluminium alloy, kuyilapho ozimele besibili abavundlile ngokuvamile basebenzisa insimbi ye-engeli. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zibeke phambili insimbi engagqwali noma insimbi ye-hot-dip galvanized carbon steel ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, uhlaka oluyinhloko lulungiswa esakhiweni sesakhiwo ngamahange ashumekiwe noma amabholithi amakhemikhali. Ama-battens wesibili aboshelwa ohlakeni oluyinhloko, enza isistimu yokusekela efana negridi. Ezindongeni zamakhethini ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-40 ukuphakama, isikhala sohlaka oluyinhloko ngokuvamile silawulwa phakathi kwamamitha angu-1.2 no-1.5. Isikhala se-batten sesibili silungiswa ngokuya ngobukhulu bephaneli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-slab yetshe ngayinye ithola ukwesekwa okuzinzile.
3. Izixhumi: “Ibhuloho” Phakathi Kwamaphaneli kanye Nohlaka
Izixhumi zisebenza njengesikhombimsebenzisi esibalulekile phakathi kwamaphaneli amatshe kanye nesakhiwo esisekelayo, esidinga kokubili amandla nokuguquguquka. Izindlela zamanje zokuxhuma ezivamile zihlanganisa izinhlelo zamabakaki angemuva, anezikhala ezimfushane, futhi ezimise okwe-T: Amasistimu anebhawodi elingemuva asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa phansi, avikele amabhawodi ematsheni ngaphandle kwamandla okunweba, awenze afanelekele amaphaneli efomethi enkulu; Amasistimu anezikhala ezimfushane anezikhala ezingu-1-2 ezisikwe emaphethelweni ahlukene etshe, lapho kufakwa khona iziphanyeko zensimbi engagqwali ukuze zixhunywe. Lokhu kusiza ukufakwa okuqondile futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa. Zonke izixhumi kufanele zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, zibe namawasha erabha e-neoprene abekwe ezindaweni lapho kuxhunywana khona netshe. Lokhu kuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwensimbi netshe kuyilapho kumunca umthelela osuka ekudlidlizeni.
4. Izinhlelo Ezisizayo: “Ulayini Wokuvikela Ongabonakali” Wokuvikela Ukuvimbela Amanzi Nokufakwa Kwamanzi
Ukumelana nemithelela yesimo sezulu, izindonga zamakhethini zamatshe zidinga izinhlelo ezisizayo eziphelele: Ukuze ungangeni amanzi, umgodi womoya ongu-100-150mm ugodliwe phakathi kodonga lwamakhethini kanye nesakhiwo esikhulu, esifakwe ulwelwesi oluphefumulayo olungangeni manzi. Amalungu ephaneli asebenzisa ukuvala okukabili “ngemicu yegwebu + i-silicone sealant evikela isimo sezulu”. Amashaneli okudonsa amanzi kanye nezimbobo kufakwa ngokuvundlile zonke izendlalelo ezi-3-4 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphuma kwamanzi emvula ngokushesha; Ngokufakwa kwe-thermal, indawo yomoya igcwaliswa ngoboya betshe noma amabhodi e-polystyrene extruded, ahlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo nongqimba oluyinhloko lokufakwa kwesakhiwo ukuze kuzuzwe ukonga amandla. Uma sithatha izifunda ezisenyakatho njengesibonelo, izindonga zamakhethini zamatshe ane-insulation zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-15% -20%.
'Izindonga zamakhethini zamatshe azizona nje "ingubo yangaphandle" yesakhiwo, kodwa ziyinhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe nobuciko.' Kusukela ezakhiweni eziyingqophamlando kuya kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda yomphakathi, izindonga zamakhethini zamatshe ziyaqhubeka nokufaka isibhakabhaka sasemadolobheni ngokuthungwa kwemvelo namandla ezobuchwepheshe ngezinzuzo zawo ezihlukile.
EyethuEimeyili: info@gkbmgroup.com
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-09-2025
